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How does the tool Angle affect the performance of construction machinery

In the processing of construction machinery, the combination of tool angles directly affects cutting efficiency, tool life and workpiece quality. Its mechanism of action is as follows:

I. The impact of Core Angles on performance ‌

The positive or negative sign and magnitude of the anterior Angle (γ₀) ‌

Positive rake Angle ‌ : reduces cutting deformation, lowers cutting force, and enhances surface finish. However, if it is too large, it weakens the strength of the cutting edge and is prone to chipping.

Negative rake Angle ‌ : enhances the impact resistance of the cutting edge, suitable for processing high-hardness alloys, but increases cutting resistance and energy consumption.

The optimized range of the relief Angle (α₀) is ‌

For fine machining, a larger relief Angle (8° to 12°) is taken to reduce the friction between the rear tool face and the workpiece and improve the surface quality. For rough machining, take the smaller value (4° to 8°) to ensure the strength of the cutting edge.

A relief Angle greater than 12° may cause vibration, and it is necessary to use a negative relief Angle facet (-10° to -5°) to enhance stability.

Principal deflection Angle (κᵣ) and cutting force distribution ‌

Reducing the main deflection Angle (such as 45°) increases the participating length of the cutting edge to disperse heat and extend service life, but the back force significantly increases, and it needs to be matched with high-rigidity machine tools.

The 90° main deflection Angle reduces the back force, making it suitable for cutting tools or step processing, but the heat dissipation capacity of the tool tip decreases.

The edge inclination Angle (λₛ) controls the chip flow direction ‌

The positive edge Angle guides the chips away from the machined surface, reducing scratches. It is preferred for fine machining. The negative edge Angle enhances the impact resistance of the tool tip and is suitable for intermittent cutting.

Ii. Associated parameters of processing quality ‌

Secondary deflection Angle and surface roughness ‌ :

Reducing the secondary deflection Angle can polish the machined surface, but if it is too small, it will lead to increased friction, and the risk of vibration needs to be weighed.

Balance of the tip radius ‌ :

A larger tool nose radius (such as R6mm) enhances surface finish and disperses heat load, but exceeding the workpiece allowance will increase cutting resistance.

Iii. Special Design for Construction Machinery Processing ‌

Material adaptability adjustment ‌

For high-hardness workpieces, a combination of a negative rake Angle and a large relief Angle (12° to 15°) is adopted to balance penetration and heat dissipation.

Chamfering process optimization ‌

For complex structures (such as C-shaped parts), design step-by-step fixtures to ensure the stability of the tool Angle.

System rigid matching ‌

In scenarios sensitive to backforce (such as turning slender shafts), a main deflection Angle of ≥75° is adopted and vibration damping chamfering is added.

Iv. Performance Optimization Summary ‌

Target key parameter configuration

Wear resistance priority ‌ small rake Angle/relief Angle + large nose radius

Surface quality priority ‌ large relief Angle (≤12°) + positive edge inclination Angle

High-efficiency cutting ‌ main deflection Angle 75° to 90° + cut edge Angle increased

Note: In practice, dynamic adjustment should be made in combination with cooling conditions and tool materials (such as high-speed steel pairs with relief angles of 0.5° to 1°).