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How to choose suitable edge gear materials for construction machinery?

How to choose the right edge gear material for construction machinery?

The selection of edge tooth materials directly affects the wear resistance, service life and operational efficiency of construction machinery. The core needs to be comprehensively evaluated in combination with the working conditions (such as load strength and working environment) and material properties (such as hardness and toughness). The following are the key material selection principles and recommended plans:

I. Select the material category based on the working conditions

Light-load environments (such as soil and sand and gravel excavation) ‌ : Prioritize the use of earthwork tooth materials, such as medium carbon quenched and tempered steel (45#, 40Cr). These materials have low costs, simple processes, and can provide sufficient wear resistance and toughness. At the same time, they optimize the bucket filling rate and improve efficiency ‌.

Heavy-load environments (such as ore and rock blasting operations) ‌ : rock tooth materials, such as carburized steel (20CrMnTi), must be selected. Through carburizing and quenching treatment, the surface hardness can reach 56-62 HRC, and the wear resistance life is more than three times higher than that of ordinary materials, effectively resisting impact and wear ‌.

Special scenarios (such as high temperatures or precision transmission) ‌ : Consider nitrided steel (38CrMoAlA), whose surface hardness exceeds 850 HV after nitriding treatment, has excellent thermal stability, and the dimensional deformation rate is less than 0.02%, making it suitable for coal mines or high-temperature equipment ‌.

The video resources present the performance comparison and applicable cases of three core materials (quenched and tempered steel, carburized steel, nitrided steel), which helps to intuitively understand the material selection differences ‌.

️ II. Key performance indicators and processing techniques

High hardness and wear resistance of the tooth surface ‌ : Surface hardening treatment (such as carburizing, nitriding or induction hardening) is required to enhance the resistance to pitting and wear. For example, carburized steel has a surface hardness of over 1079 MPa under heavy load and can withstand frequent friction ‌.

High toughness and impact resistance of the core ‌ : The core material should maintain good toughness (such as tensile strength of quenched and tempered steel core 640-735 MPa) to absorb dynamic loads during operation and prevent fracture ‌.

Economy and process balance ‌ :

Materials with higher short-term costs (such as nitrided steel, whose processing fee is 1.5 times that of carburized steel) can achieve returns by extending their lifespan by 2 to 3 times ‌.

For large or complex structures, cast steel (ZG series) can be selected, but normalizing treatment is required to ensure performance. For low-speed scenarios, cast iron can be considered. It has a low cost but weak impact resistance ‌.

️ III. Material selection process and precautions

Step-by-step decision-making ‌ :

① Analyze the working conditions (load type, ambient temperature, impact frequency) → ② Determine the performance requirements (for example, prioritize carburizing steel for wear resistance and quenched and tempered steel for toughness) → ③ Optimize the process (such as nitriding treatment after fine processing to improve accuracy) ‌.

Avoid common misconceptions ‌ :

Do not use heavy-load materials in light-load environments (such as rock teeth for earthwork), otherwise it will increase costs and reduce efficiency ‌.

Priority should be given to verifying the matching degree between the laboratory performance of the material and the actual working conditions. The size effect needs to be corrected (adjust the parameters when the part size is greater than the sample size) ‌.

In conclusion, the core of material selection lies in ‌ working condition adaptation and performance balance ‌‌. For instance, quenched and tempered steel is used in earthwork to enhance economic efficiency, while carburized steel is preferred for heavy-load mining to strengthen durability ‌.